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Probably everyone at one time or another has collected coins. Some people save old wheat pennies they find in change and throw them in a jar. Other people collect state quarters, and some others collect certain coins like nickles or dimes, and try to build a complete collection over time. A lot of folks think coin collecting is the hobby of king’’s and truthfully, it’’s often called that. A king may be able to build a giant collection of coins, but I promise you, that the small collection a young boy has that may only be worth a couple of dollars, is worth just as much to that boy as a King’’s coins are worth to him.

I can tell you right now, anyone can collect coins and you don”t have to be rich. In fact I have quite a large coin collection, and I have had a very low paying job all my life. There are a lot of ways someone can build a great coin collection over time, while still paying the bills.

Coins are so neat looking, I remember when I was a young boy, my grandad would go upstairs and open a safe we had, inside was a metal drawer containing some old Morgan and Peace Silver Dollars. My grandad would let me sit and play with the coins often. I would hold one by the edge on the table top and flip it on the side with my finger and the coin would spin wildly around on the table like a toy top. The coins were frosty silver or whitish colored and were beautiful to look at, they were large and heavy, not like the little coins we have today. I often wondered how many folks actually carried these things around in their pockets everyday, it only took a few of them to weigh quite a lot.

After my grandad passed away back in 1969, my dad sold the old silver dollars, I don”t think he really wanted to, but my grandad had left the family farm pretty deep indebt, so dad had an auction and sold about everything except our house and the barn, to pay off the huge bills. It wasn”t too long after that when dad got bitten by the coin collecting bug. At first it wasn”t coins but paper money that got dad started. I remember dad saw an ad in the back of some magazine, where a guy was offering to pay \$2 for every dollar bill you sent him that had a certain treasurer’’s name on it, that name was: \” Joesph W. Barr \”. My dad looked in his wallet at some dollar bills he had, and sure enough he had one that had the signature \” Joesph W. Barr \” on it. Dad took the dollar from his wallet and kept it in an envelope in his old roll top desk, and after checking his money for several days afterwards, dad found some more of them. Sometime later dad mailed the dollar bills to the address in the magazine ad, and sure enough he soon got a check for the dollars plus an extra dollar each. Dad continued searching and sending in them \” Joesph W. Barr \” dollar bills for awhile, then after a period of time, the guy no longer was accepting them.

Dad then started buying a few Indian head cents and some buffalo nickels. Then as he got older and money seemed to get a lot more tighter, dad quit buying coins and turned to a new hobby, doing sweepstakes. But by this time, I was hooked, I just loved the look of the old coins, the silver ones and the old copper large cents, they just seemed so neat compared to the boring coins of everyday use. Now as I am writing this article, I stumbled across an interesting article about the \” Joesph W. Barr \” dollar bills from the ”American Numismatic Association” it said, the following: \”At one time, it was speculated that the notes signed by Treasurer Joseph W. Barr would eventually hold a high numismatic value since he was in office for only 23 days in 1968-69. However, during that period, a total of 484 million notes were produced with his signature. The high quantity produced dictates that the notes will never be considered rare in our lifetime. Interestingly, in 1995, numismatic author Alan Herbert stated, \”A \$1 Barr note deposited in an interest-bearing account in 1969 would have been worth over \$4.00, figuring 6% interest compounded annually. A circulated Barr note kept in a safe-deposit box for 26 years is worth \$1 today.\”

So that explains why that guy probably quit buying the \” Joesph W. Barr \” dollar bills, it seemed they might of been collectible for a little while, but they just never caught on. Today you can still buy them on eBay and other places, sometimes for slightly more than \$1.00. Oh well, it is something that has stuck in my mind every since I was a little boy, I will always remember dad checking his wallet for \” Joesph W. Barr \” dollar bills. Now as I wipe the tears from my eyes, yes I am sad to say dad has been gone a few years now, and I still miss him very much, especially when I sit here alone and think about the times we spent together in the years gone by, oh well, at least it’’s always great memories when it comes to you, dad.

Now as I regain my mental composure, if I ever had one, I want to say that I never lost the desire to collect coins. And as I got old enough to work full time, and live on my own I started and built a fairly large coin collection. I didn”t have much money as I never went to college or trade school, and I have always had a job working as a laborer, so I had to fine ways that I could build up my coin collection cheaply.

One day, I was looking in the back of a Coin collecting magazine that I had purchased at a local news stand, and I found an ad where you could join a coin collecting approval service. They would send you certain coins once a month, and you could select the ones you wanted to buy and keep, and if you didn”t want them all, just mail the others back to them, and the next month they would send some other coins for you to examine. What made this program better than the other approval services I had often seen was, you could tell them what type of coins you were interested in, and what price you were willing to spend monthly. I selected miscellaneous U.S. coins, everything from old large cents from the 1800′’s to silver mercury dimes and buffalo nickels etc. And I chose to only spend \$20 a month, for me this was perfect and for about a year or more I stayed in the program and over time I got a nice bunch of coins from them, then something happened and the company folded or went out of business, as I never received any more coins from them and I no longer saw their ad in the magazines.

Overtime I discovered other cheap methods to aquire some nice coins, one of the methods I still use, is something that anyone can do to start building a nice coin collection. Just start searching and examining your pocket change, I still find wheat pennies and silver war nickels, and many pre 1960 nickels, and sometimes a silver coin in pocket change. One time about two years back, I was at a local store and got some change back, I noticed two of the quarters I received looked kinda white in color, examining them closely after I got back home, I discovered they were both pre 1964 silver Washington quarters. I figured somebody must of needed money to buy some cigarettes or milk or something, and must of used some of their old coins, I was just lucky enough to had been there at the right time and place to get them in my change.

One place to find a lot of nice coins is to go to different banks and buy rolls, search through them carefully, and you will be surprised of the neat finds you may come across, plus just add a few out of your pocket change to replace the ones you want to keep from the rolls, and you can turn them back into a different bank for some different rolls of coins to search through.

Another place that is fairly good for finding some rare coins is at local flea markets, be careful though as many of the folks at these places are very aware of a coins value, and they often ask for much more then what the coins are worth. Read up on the coins you are interested in buying, or better yet, take along a pocket coin price guide with you when you go to buy coins, it’’s better to be thrifty then foolish.

Anyway, now after collecting coins for fun over the years, I have almost every Lincoln cent that was made from 1909 up to present, and I have every Jefferson nickel from the first one that was made in 1938 to present, and I have a nice sized wooden chest full of miscellaneous U.S. coins, including silver dollars, mercury dimes, buffalo nickels, Large Cents and many more unique and rare coins. I figure the coins will make a nice gift someday, something to leave to my daughter and her children, and maybe I can spark that fire in them, that my dad started in me, the joy of coin collecting. So start checking your pocket change today, you just never know what rare finds you may come across.

There are several different types of computer software that are made for coin collecting. One program that stand’’s out is ” Coin Collector Professional ”, it is made for any coin collector, from novices to professionals, and it cost under \$20. ” Coin Collector Professional ” may be downloaded and tried for free at this website address:

http://www.rb59.com/ccp

By Robert W. Benjamin

Copyright ?2006

You may publish this article in your ezine, newsletter or on your web site as long as it is reprinted in its entirety and without modification except for formatting needs or grammar corrections.

Changing web hosting plans is a chore for any website owner. As with many things that involve change, a lot of problems can end up making a tedious but necessary task an all-out nightmare.

1 ?Don抰 forget to BACKUP

Easily the most important step, making a backup of everything with your current web hosting company is crucial. Things can get lost, damaged or deleted accidentally during any web hosting move, whether you抳e got an account with the best enterprise web hosting solution or a budget, affordable web site hosting plan. Remember that if your site relies on a database, that needs to be backed up, too. Create two copies of your backup and store them in separate physical locations to minimise the risk of the backups being damaged.

The best way to backup is to manually copy all your files from your web hosting provider. Some hosts offer backup features, but these sometimes rely on specific technology that is not compatible with other web hosting companies. If you need to backup a database, you can create a simple PHP, ASP or Perl script (depending on your web hosting solution) to do the job.

2 ?Tedium Extra

Once you抳e done your backups, you抣l be ready to make the switch. The checklist below will help you gather your thoughts:

(a) Find out your new web hosting provider抯 DNS (b) Check environmental factors such as PHP/MySQL versions, settings and other differences that may require changes to scripts (c) Find out the temporary address to your new web hosting space so that you don抰 have to wait for the URL to be transferred to see if it all works OK (d) Some scripts may not work correctly after being directly transferred across, and so may require re-installation on the new servers. Ensure that you have copies of the installation instructions so that you can do this, if necessary.

3 ?Let the world know

Good and courteous practice dictates that webmasters should inform their users of a web hosting change in good time. This allows users to prepare for (or at least not be surprised by) a sudden loss of operation. Particularly if you run an online shop, there抯 a tendency for users to worry that you have disappeared with their money if they find they cannot access your site after they抳e paid for something and don抰 know why.

Offering a temporary or alternative e-mail address is always a good idea, too, and keeping users up-to-date on the change process will help make the move smooth for them.

4 ?The actual move

Schedule the actual switch between web hosting providers for a time that your hosting logs show is less busy. Perform one final backup for the latest, most up-to-date information, and then start copying files. You can help your users by uploading the parts of the site they use most, such as the main page. Getting error pages up there early is also a good idea, as it will allow you to inform visitors about the web hosting switch and apologise for problems.

Whether you run anti-virus and anti-spyware or not, your computer can still be infected. This is due to the ever evolving nature of the internet allowing new innovations for good and bad. Now that your computer is infected, what can you do?

There are several things you can do. One of them would be to format your had drive. This is the most time consuming and costly method. You will lose all your files and it will take you a very long time to re-install all your programs. This path should only be taken if there is no other course of action available, and if there is a deep infection.
If the infection is less severe there are several things you can do. You can clean up your hard drive with anti-virus and anti-spyware software. There are many free programs out there that will do the job.
Once you have these programs you need to run a scan to determine where the infection is. Once the infection is located there are one of two things you can do. You can either quarantine the infection, or you can delete it completely. Deleting it would be the more effective option as it ensures you don抰 accidently use the file again. An important part of running these programs is keeping them upto-date. They need to be updated regularly to be able to combat the new viruses and spyware that pop-up on a daily basis.

A boot-time scan is recommended as a good course of action to remove your infection. Should you continue to experience slower PC speeds, you could try using a virus scanner to not only scan your hard drive, but prevent your PC from getting more spyware. Usually with spyware, once you have even a few files infected, they spread like a virus and attempt to propogate themselves. It’’s important you have a virus scanner to not only delete old spyware, but prevent new spyware from popping up. Avast is great for this.

Keeping your computer 100% free from viruses and spy-ware is difficult but following the procedures above you can continue to enjoy the use of your computer.

Revolutionizing the world of telephony, VoIP has become one of the fastest growing technologies of today. It has quickly gobbled up the market for the traditional and well established tools for communicating over large distances, by making them look antiquated and expensive.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is basically a process which converts your voice into digital signals that travel over internet. Its most prominent feature is its affordability. With VoIP you can make long distance calls at a fraction of cost that you used to pay to your telephone companies. It is primarily because of the fact that transferring digital signals over internet is quite cheaper than transferring analog signals over the traditional telephone lines.

However, nowadays VoIP is in the news not for the great savings in long distance calls that it offers but for the security concerns attached to it. As VoIP runs through internet, the information exchanged can be intercepted by anyone at any time. Moreover, because of its popularity VoIP has become a soft target for the hackers. In the absence of a strong firewall system, hackers may capture sensitive information such as credit card number and bank details. They can even launch denial of service attacks and shut down a voice conversation, or send spam or virus over the internet to disrupt the services. Another vulnerability that the IT sector is worried about the hacking of VoIP networks for making free calls. According to industry sources, a new generation of 損hreakers?may be able to manipulate the data switched through a hybrid TDM-VoIP network which will allow them to exploit the billing system to make free calls. Another menace that is plaguing the VoIP networks is 慶aller-id spoofing? There are some hacking websites that allow people to control the phone number that appears on the receiver抯 caller-id display. Moreover, they can modify their voice with the help of voice modification software. Thus, they have become a useful tool for private investigators and pranksters.

VoIP service providers are now trying to secure their customers from these threats through the tunneling and encryption processes. These techniques prevent the hackers from capturing the information packets as they pass through the internet. Most of the service providers are using Layer 2 tunneling and an encryption method called Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to prevent anyone from getting the confidential information. However, despite of all these possible threats the IT segment is still enthusiastic about the cost savings and the added functionality that VoIP offers to their business. Most of them consider VoIP as a reliable and robust system and the security concerns not so serious to hamper the progress of VoIP.

Thus, although the attacks on the VoIP systems are at a nascent stage but they may gain teeth and hit the consumers sharply as the hackers become aware of the details of this service. Thus, it is necessary for the concerned authorities to understand the criticality of the situation and be ready to take the necessary preventive measures to prevent any major impact of these threats on VoIP in future.

In this day and age folks find many things for stress relief. Some find relief in going to the beach, working out in the yard, going to happy hour, or just watching TV. But then there is another group of folks who find relief in something that requires both creative and mechanical thought. It is a hobby. It is a hobby kind of like building models but even better. It is one of the great hobbies of all time. It is one of the 揋reatest Hobbies on the Earth? It is the hobby of model trains.

Why is this hobby of model trains so great? There are a few reasons. One of the strongest reasons is that the hobby brings together both young and old, man and woman, boy and girl alike. It is a hobby that can be shared by the entire family. Why, it is not uncommon that the family will get together and the children will play with the trains while dad works on a model of a trestle and mom does some decorating with shrubberies and model trees that she crafted from lichen and clay. It is more than just the trains that makes up this hobby. And when the family runs the model trains they all sit back and admire their work. They cannot get over how 搑eal?the model trains look.

The hobby of model trains is a hobby with some rules such as you have to honor the modeling scale a railroad is in (N Scale, HO Scale, O Scale) but it still allows for freedom of thought and imagination. This is another feature that makes it the greatest hobby on the Earth. You can dream up names of your model towns on your railroad. You can name the canyons and bridges you build models of. You can even give your railroad its own name and color scheme. You have total imaginative freedom yet it still is a railroad that follows a path on a standard set of model rails and trains. The trains you run resemble the real ones but you can put your imaginative touch on them.

As a young lad in elementary, junior high, and high school, I found that model trains was a great hobby because it kept me out of trouble. It gave me something to do. In my youth, there were no computers so it was hobbies like model trains that kept us occupied. In fact, it is one of the greatest hobbies because you can抰 really get into trouble running and collecting model trains. Youths these days get into trouble with their computers quite frequently but the potential just was not there with model trains. If you are just starting in model trains then you are in for a real treat.

One thing that has plagued more or less all the Internet users is Spam. Thus, the biggest ask of todays Internet age is Anti Spam tools.

As the usage of internet is multiplying day after day, e-mail has become the most powerful and desirable means of communication. But some people are trying to annihilate its great reputation by introducing the spam into it. Spam is nothing but unsolicited, unwanted, irrelevant or inappropriate e-mail. They are also known as junk mails. Spam mails are basically aimed at wasting the time and as a result, money of the individuals who are at the receiving end. Many people get annoyed when they see their inboxes full of junk mails, which are hidden between the legitimate ones. This situation may lead to chaos as these people may inadvertently delete the legitimate e-mails while deleting the spam. Also, the spam mails can cause unnecessary burden over the servers by uploading lots of redundant data over them. Moreover, they may even contain viruses, spyware and trojans which can damage the whole system of the receiver.

Hence, people who are acquainted with these ill effects of the spam mails are on the constant look out for better and more advanced Anti Spam solutions to get rid of this menace. Therefore big software companies are continuously trying to develop Anti Spam solutions, spam blockers and e-mail spam filters. Anti Spam solutions are basically designed to check the sender抯 name and address and filter the spam e-mails according to a black list of spammers they own. They may also check the recipients?names and addresses and filter the spam mails according to certain parameters decided by them. Some Anti Spam solutions also use content filtering or Bayesian Logic. They can scan the e-mails and search for certain words or phrases which are common in most spam mails like 憊iagra?or 慶lick here?and filter the spam e-mails accordingly.

However, these Anti Spam solutions are not infallible. If the software companies are trying to develop more and more advanced ways to block and filter spam, the spammers are also not sitting idle. They are also constantly inventing new ways to hoodwink these Anti Spam programs and cause havoc in the world of internet. Moreover, most of these Anti Spam solutions are not reliable as they may delete some very necessary e-mail taking them as spam. This might happen if a legitimate sender makes use of some of the terms which favorites among the spammers or use an IP address that has been used by spammers in the past. Thus, a reliable Anti Spam solution is one, which minimizes these false positives by adopting a comprehensive anti spam approach by examining both the message content as well as the history of the sender. Moreover, an effective anti spam software is one, which learns the user preferences by analyzing his behavior towards some particular messages. For instance, most of us may delete the messages containing the word 憊iagra?but some medical organizations may not do so.

Thus, while no Anti Spam software is perfect, still we should use them to reduce the risk of getting plagued by the menace of spam mails.

The death of internet marketing. Some of us saw this coming and gave words of warning on teleseminars and behind the closed doors of exclusive seminars.

But our words were headed with the all the seriousness of a naked man on the street corner. Wearing nothing but a painted wooden sign with big red lettering spelling out \”The End is Nigh.\”

It has happened, internet marketing finally dried up. Those still surviving retreat to the caves and by firelight devise a new strategy.

Why? Because we are far from the end and surrender is not an option for those of us making a living off our lists.

There are a couple of major causes for this catastrophie:

Number one being (drumroll please) \”successful product launch formulas have been exposed.\” There were tons of marketers out there having phenomenal launches and creating products describing exactly how they accomplished this.

Now there is an overabundance of \”How to have a successful launch\” products. Every marketer and his brother that has the drive to succeed is studying and applying everthing in these launch packages.

The result being an overwhelming number of launches, and an inbox stuffed to the gills with limited time, one time offers, and the best thing since sliced bread products.

I”m not the only one that opens my inbox and has to wipe out everything \”marketing\” just to get to my personal emails.

It’’s like email marketing message genocide. I seriously feel bad clearing out hundreds of emails. But with the taste of guilt in my throat and for the health of my inbox I hit that delete button.

Number two would be Cross Pollenization. In short, email marketing in the internet marketing niche, because of factors like: Joint Ventures, List Brokering, Give Away List Splitting, and Solo Exchanges – is a wasteland. Everyone is on everyone else’’s list.

All the lists in the internet marketing product niche are basically composed of the same mass of people. So one marketer prepares a launch, gets all his partners and affiliates together to get the product out there…

And creates one result for the unsuspecting subscriber – 20, 30, sometimes 50 marketers all promoting the same product. Often using the same promotional emails!

For those of you left going \”Whah?\” here’’s a little story:

Imagine this – the world of internet marketing, email marketering especially can be likened to an empty ocean. The marketers being the fisherman and the fish being the people on your list – your bread and butter.

Now if tons of fisherman learned how to create the perfect lure and cast the net using the best techniques, the fish population would drastically decline in the internet marketing niche ocean.

The second problem would arise and the fish – being exposed to similar lures and techniques – would begin to avoid or outsmart the net and tire of the bait or only bite the first that came along.

Those fisherman without a big stock of fish in some other pond would slowly begin to lose their business. Unless of course they found a new way to fish…

When you plan to start your e-business venture on the Internet, be sure to choose a partner / vendor that can provide you one stop services through various solutions. In this article, we will focus on Step One.

1. Get Your Own Domain Name
Your domain name is your identity on the Internet. Thousands of domain names are registered each day. Grab yours now before it抯 gone! Even if you do not have a website, you should register your domain name FIRST.

Cost : US\$70 for 2 years (.com, .net, .org)

Case Study :
I抳e come across many domain name related problems, and this if one of them.
One Company in Taiwan, decided to register their domain name, and the Vendor offered them a discount if the name of the domain name owner was set to the Vendor抯 details. Thus, this company wishing to save money, decided to go with this cheaper option. After 1 year, the Vendor抯 business was not going well and asked this Company to pay an additional fee to transfer back the ownership of this domain name to the Company. The Company hesitated, and not long after that, the Vendor closed down. In the end, the Company was stuck with a website that they were unable to update (with a domain name that they did not own). The Company had no choice but to only wait until the expiry of this domain name and register this domain name under their own details.

Tips : Be careful with whom you register your domain name with. Some companies might offer you a heavy discounted rate for domain name registration but be careful of these pitfalls:-

a) Your name is not set as the domain name owner in the WHOIS database
- you will lose the benefit of being the legally rightful owner of the domain name and in the event of a dispute, you will be at a losing end.

b) You are charged additional fees when you wish to move / transfer the domain name away

Among the BestSellers for Domain Name include :-

Business.com US\$7.5 million
Altavista.com US\$3.3 million
Autos.com US\$2.2 million
Wallstreet.com US\$1m
AsSeenOnTv.com US\$5.1 million
Wine.com US\$2.9 million
Express.com US\$1.8 million
Rock.com US\$1m

HOW MUCH IS YOUR DOMAIN NAME WORTH ?

For more information about this article, kindly contact Fione Tan via \”eOneNet – Internet Marketing Offices\” . Check out the monthly e-newsletter at www.eOneNet.com

Register your domain now at www.FreeDomainsRegistration.com and enjoy offers for free email forwarding, and free domain masking / cloaking.

If you let it, email can take over your life. Or, you can choose to be in charge by taking control of the volume, content, and importance of your email.

1. Filter it! To limit the time you waste reading junk emails and spam, you could use a filter program. This is a system that weeds out emails based on subject lines and content. They can be effective, but use caution. They can filter out too much. Some filter programs will put the questionable messages in a separate folder, which you can review. Of course, that will take some discipline on your part to view the messages periodically and ensure that nothing important was trapped. (Sign up for a f.r.e.e mini-workshop on email etiquette at http://www.KeepCustomers.com/EmailWorkshop.htm.)

2. Determine when to unsubscribe. If you subscribe to numerous newsletters, quotes-of-the-day, etc., take the \”consistent\” and \”significant\” test. When the item appears, do you \”consistently\” read it? That is, do you read most of the issues? Secondly, does it past the \”significant\” test? Do you read quite a bit of the information and find it useful? If you answered yes to both questions, stay on the mailing list. Otherwise, remove yourself.

3. Prioritize! Make a conscious choice regarding when you”ll review email. Once per day may be sufficient for some, while others may need to check for messages several times. Does your job really require you to be glued to the computer screen? In the six years I”ve been speaking and writing about email communication, I”ve never found anyone who had to be as connected as he/she thought! Email is an invaluable tool that helps you in conducting the communication portion of your job. You control this tool. Don”t stop what you”re doing every time a new email arrives. That’’s inefficient. If you can”t resist the mystery shrouding the new message, turn off the tone that tells you a new message has arrived.

4. Make a time management plan. When drafting your plan, remember to include not only the time you spend reading messages, but also the time you spend responding to messages. Personally, when I check email in the morning, I catch myself reading junk mail and typing lengthy responses to friends or colleagues. The next thing I know, the most productive part of my day is wasted. To avoid this, I review my email in the morning and wait to respond to \”non-essential\” messages until mid-afternoon, which is my unproductive (i.e., \”sleepy\”) time. (Test your email skills by taking a fun quiz at http://www.KeepCustomers.com/EmailQuiz.htm.)

5. Implementation. Once you”ve created a plan for reading email messages, implement it. Any time management plan will be effective if you”ll simply use it.

Explore the lunar energy magic by wearing our Sterling Silver Charms with the confidence of getting better quality and durability, starting with our original designs by themselves. Most silver jewelry is easily maintained by wiping with a soft, clean cloth to retain its luster and beauty, and
avoiding contact with soap, perfume, hairsprays and other cosmetics.

With minimal cost and care Silver Italian Charms may add a touch of distinction to your charming presence.

In Jewelry, the standard for sterling silver has remained unchanged throughout the centuries since 1300 when King Edward I of England established the early trade practice rule for silversmiths, by means of decreeing that sterling must consist of 92.5 percent pure silver metal alloyed with 7.6
percent copper.

As for today, the term \”sterling\” refers to the composition of the metal, and not to the weight of a finished item either small or large. Sterling Silver Charms sometimes may be marked as 925, in which case meaning that 925 parts per thousand of the piece are pure silver.

Silver-plated is not silver metal, just a layer of silver bonded to any other base metal, and vermeil (pronounced as \”ver-may\”) is a special type of gold plated product, consisting of a base of sterling silver coated or plated with gold.

Jewelry made of silver parts and gold parts must carry dual designations such as \”Sterling and xxK\”. According to the law, all quality-marked silver must bear the name or an American registered trademark of the company’’s name or person that will
stand behind such mark.

It is renown that silver is much more plentiful than gold, but tends to tarnish, making it less popular as the metal to be used in some forms of jewelry. As with gold, silver is too soft that it simply cannot be used in its pure state and must be combined other metals to enhance its durability.